Vivendi close to buying Oger Telecom stake – CEO (France)

French media and telecommunications group Vivendi is close to reaching an agreement to buy a stake in Saudi operator Oger Telecom, writes Les Echos. Vivendi chairman and CEO Jean-Bernard Levy said that “negotiations were on the right path” and that he hoped to make an announcement “soon”. In September, Saudi Oger, Oger Telecom’s parent company, said that it was in talks with several groups, including Vivendi. Oger Telecom provides internet services in Saudi Arabia and is present in fixed and mobile telephony in Turkey, South Africa, Lebanon and Jordan. It is closely watching the privatisation of Algerie Telecom and Slovenia’s Slovenije Telekom, and has shnown an interest in Albania’s Albtelecom.

In June, Telecom Italia sold its 10.36 percent Oger Telecom stake for US 477 million. Vivendi hopes to eventually take control of Oger Telecom, as it did with Maroc Telecom, which in which it now holds a 53 percent stake. The initial Oger Telecom stake is likely to be around 33 percent, however. This would cost it around USD 1.5 billion, based on Telecom Italia’s exit price. Saudi Oger has said it wants to keep a majority stake until November 2008.

   

Telekom Slovenije buys 75% of Albanian operator (Slovenia)

Telekom Slovenije has signed an agreement to acquire a 75 percent stake in Albanian internet and telecommunications services provider AOL SP. Telekom Slovenije has agreed to invest EUR 18 million-EUR 20 million into AOL SP’s development over the next five years. The acquisition allows Telekom Slovenije to complete its regional presence covering Kosovo, Macedonia and Albania. The operator plans to target the Albanian ethnic market. There are currently around 285,000 phone lines in Albania, equal to 9 lines per 100 people. AOL SP provides internet and VoIP services and enables access to an independent optical and wireless network. It has 3,000 internet subscribers for 75 percent of the market. It also holds 88 percent of Albanian Fiber Backbone (AFB), operator of fibre-optic networks in Tirana.

   

Subscriber growth helps boost Cosmote profits by 24.6% (Greece,Romania,Bulgaria,Macedonia)

Greek mobile group Cosmote reported a 24.6% year-on-year rise in net income in the second quarter, to EUR101.6 million (USD138.6 million), helped by strong subscriber growth, the effects of its takeover of the Germanos retail chain in Q4 2006 and forex gains. Revenues for the three months ended June 2007 climbed 36.6% to EUR738.4 million, and EBITDA improved by 22% percent to EUR248.4 million. Cosmote operates in five countries: Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Macedonia (FYROM) and Romania, through its respective units Cosmote Greece, AMC, Globul, Cosmofon and Cosmote Romania respectively. Total net subscriber additions in Q2 2007 reached 870,000 to give it a total of 13.1 million customers at the end of June 2007, a 39.4% increase from a year ago and on track to exceed a target of 15 million in 2009. The retail network of Germanos was the driving force behind much of the growth, accounting for around 63% of total net subscriber additions (excluding Albania) in Q2 2007 compared to around 38% a year before. Romania had the highest number of new additions at over 350,000, whilst Cosmote Greece added over 250,000 customers. Cosmofon in FYROM added 18,000 new subscribers in the second quarter to end June with 515,785 users.

Cosmote reported 37.5% year-on-year consolidated revenue growth for the first half, and H1 profit growth of 12.5%. Overall, international revenues in H1 2007, accounted for approximately 31% of group revenues (excluding Germanos), within targets set by the firm in 2005 (30%-35%), despite domestic operations continuing strong revenue growth throughout the period and Romanian operations still being in an early development phase. Total group CAPEX reached approximately EUR219 million in H1 2007. Romania accounted for around EUR84 million of the investment as it continues investing heavily to expand its network capacity. Greece absorbed EUR65 million and Bulgaria a further 37 million. Group net debt stood at EUR2.5 billion at the end of June, following a dividend payment of EUR244 million at the end of the month.

   
 

Cosmote net profit up 25% in Q2 (Romania)

Mobile operator Cosmote reported second-quarter net profit up 24.6 percent from a year earlier to EUR 101.6 million, helped by its takeover of the Germanos retail chain and forex gains. Revenues rose 36.6 percent to EUR 738.4 million, and EBITDA improved 22 percent to EUR 248.4 million. Cosmote added nearly 870,000 new subscribers in the quarter for a total 13.1 million at the end of June. Germanos shops accounted for 63 percent of net additions, excluding Albania where it is not active, up from 38 percent a year ago. Germanos contributed EUR 223 million in revenues and EUR 2.9 million in net profit. Romania had the highest number of additions at over 350,000, while Cosmote added over 250,000 customers in its home market Greece. The company said it’s on track to meet its target for 15 million customers by 2009.

Wireless   

Cosmote revenues grow 38.5%, due to Germanos consolidation

Greece-based mobile operator Cosmote reports that its consolidated revenues increased by 38.5 percent during the first quarter to EUR 687.9 million compared with the first quarter of 2006. This was the result of the consolidation of the operations of Greece-based mobile retailer Germanos, without which the group organic growth has reached 12.5 percent. The organic growth was cause by strong revenue growth in all international operations and growth in Greece, driven by outgoing voice traffic, making up for the interconnection rate cuts. International operations in Albania, Bulgaria, Romania and Macedonia account for approximately 31percent of Group revenues excluding Germanos. Cosmote’s Q1 EBIITDA grew 12.7 percent to EUR 215.2 million and the net profit remained effectively flat at EUR 74.7 million, due to increased financial expenses and 15.2 percent higher depreciation and amortisation charges. Cosmote Group’s customer base has exceeded 12.2 million, a 38.3 percent increase from a year ago and well on target to exceed 15 million in 2009.

   

Mobile Cellular Statistics (Free)

Mobile cellular subscribers
    Cellular mobile subscribers As % of total
        CAGR Telephone
    (k) (%) subscribers
    2000 2005 2000 – 05 2005
1 Algeria 86 13’661.4 175.5 84.2
2 Angola 25.8 1’611.1 128.6 94.3
3 Benin 55.5 750 68.3 90.8
4 Botswana 222.2 823.1 29.9 86.2
5 Burkina Faso 25.2 633.6 90.5 87.4
6 Burundi 16.3 153 56.5 78.4
7 Cameroon 103.3 2’252.5 85.2 95.7
8 Cape Verde 19.7 81.7 32.9 53.4
9 Central African Rep. 5 100 82.3 90.9
10 Chad 5.5 210 107.2 94.2
11 Comoros - 16.1 - 48.7
12 Congo 70 490 47.6 96.9
13 Congo (Dem. Rep.) 15 2’746.0 183.5 99.6
14 C´te d’Ivoire 473 2’349.4 37.8 90.1
15 Djibouti 0.2 44.1 186.1 80.3
16 Egypt 1’359.9 13’629.6 58.6 56.7
17 Equatorial Guinea 5 96.9 80.9 90.6
18 Eritrea - 40.4 - 51.7
19 Ethiopia 17.8 410.6 87.4 40.2
20 Gabon 120 652.3 40.3 94.3
21 Gambia 5.6 247.5 113.3 84.9
22 Ghana 130 2’842.4 85.3 89.8
23 Guinea 42.1 189 35 85.5
24 Guinea-Bissau - 95 - 90.3
25 Kenya 127.4 4’612.0 105 94.2
26 Lesotho 21.6 249.8 63.2 83.9
27 Liberia 1.5 160 154.5
28 Libya 40 234.8 55.7 14.5
29 Madagascar 63.1 510.3 51.9 88.4
30 Malawi 49 429.3 54.4 80.7
31 Mali 10.4 869.6 142.4 92.1
32 Mauritania 15.3 745.6 117.6 94.8
33 Mauritius 180 656.8 29.5 64.8
34 Mayotte - 48.1 -
35 Morocco 2’342.0 12’392.8 39.5 90.2
36 Mozambique 51.1 1’220.0 88.6 94.6
37 Namibia 82 495 43.3 78.1
38 Niger 2.1 299.9 170.9 92.6
39 Nigeria 30 18’587.0 261.8 93.8
40 R©union 276.1 579.2 20.3
41 Rwanda 39 290 49.4 85.8
42 S. Tom© & Principe - 12 - 52.3
43 Senegal 250.3 1’730.1 47.2 86.6
44 Seychelles 26 57 17 72.7
45 Sierra Leone 11.9 113.2 111.7
46 Somalia 80 500 44.3 83.3
47 South Africa 8’339.0 33’960.0 32.4 87.8
48 Sudan 23 1’827.9 139.9 73.2
49 Swaziland 33 200 43.4 85.1
50 Tanzania 110.5 3’389.8 98.3 95.6
51 Togo 50 436 54.2 87.4
52 Tunisia 119.2 5’680.7 116.6 81.9
53 Uganda 126.9 1’315.3 59.6 93.8
54 Zambia 98.9 946.6 57.1 90.9
55 Zimbabwe 266.4 668.1 20.2 67.1
  Africa 15’668.7 137’342.5 54.4 83.3
           
           
Mobile cellular subscribers
    Cellular mobile subscribers As % of total
        CAGR Telephone
    (k) (%) subscribers
    2000 2005 2000 – 05 2005
56 Antigua & Barbuda 22 86 31.3 70.8
57 Argentina 6’488.0 22’156.4 27.8 70.1
58 Aruba 15 134.4 55 78.1
59 Bahamas 31.5 186 55.9 57.1
60 Barbados 28.5 206.2 48.6 60.5
61 Belize 16.8 119.6 48 77.7
62 Bermuda 13 49 39.3
63 Bolivia 582.6 2’421.4 33 78.9
64 Brazil 23’188.2 86’210.0 30 68.4
65 Canada 8’727.0 17’017.0 14.3 45
66 Chile 3’401.5 10’569.6 25.5 75.5
67 Colombia 2’256.8 21’850.0 57.5 74
68 Costa Rica 211.6 1’101.0 39.1 44.2
69 Cuba 6.5 135.5 83.4 13.7
70 Dominica 1.2 41.8 143 66.6
71 Dominican Rep. 705.4 3’623.3 38.7 80.2
72 Ecuador 482.2 6’246.3 66.9 78.8
73 El Salvador 743.6 2’411.8 26.5 71.3
74 French Guiana 39.8 98 25.2
75 Grenada 4.3 43.3 78.2 57
76 Guadeloupe 169.8 314.7 16.7
77 Guatemala 856.8 4’510.1 39.4 78.3
78 Guyana 39.8 281.4 47.8 71.9
79 Haiti 55 400 64.2 74.1
80 Honduras 155.3 1’281.5 52.5 72.2
81 Jamaica 367 2’804.4 50.2 89.8
82 Martinique 162.1 295.4 16.2
83 Mexico 14’077.9 47’141.0 27.3 70.7
84 Neth. Antilles 30 200 60.7
85 Nicaragua 90.3 1’119.4 65.4 83.5
86 Panama 410.4 1’351.9 26.9 75.4
87 Paraguay 820.8 1’887.0 18.1 85.5
88 Peru 1’273.9 5’583.4 34.4 71.3
89 Puerto Rico 926.4 2’682.0 30.4 70.7
90 St. Kitts and Nevis 1.2 10 69.9 28.6
91 St. Lucia 2.5 93 147
92 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 2.4 70.6 97.3 75.8
93 Suriname 41 232.8 41.5 74.2
94 Trinidad & Tobago 161.9 800 37.7 71.2
95 United States 109’478.0 213’000.0 14.2 54.8
96 Uruguay 410.8 1’154.9 23 53.4
97 Venezuela 5’447.2 12’495.7 18.1 77.6
98 Virgin Islands (US) 35 64.2 16.4 47.5
  Americas 181’981.1 472’479.8 21 61.5
           
Mobile cellular subscribers
    Cellular mobile subscribers As % of total
        CAGR Telephone
    (k) (%) subscribers
    2000 2005 2000 – 05 2005
99 Afghanistan - 1’200.0 - 92.3
100 Armenia 17.5 320 78.9 25.9
101 Azerbaijan 420.4 2’242.0 39.8 67.2
102 Bahrain 205.7 748.7 29.5 79.2
103 Bangladesh 279 9’000.0 100.3 89.4
104 Bhutan - 37.8 - 53.6
105 Brunei Darussalam 95 232.9 19.6 73.5
106 Cambodia 130.5 1’062.0 52.1 97
107 China 85’260.0 393’428.0 35.8 52.9
108 D.P.R. Korea - -
109 Georgia 194.7 1’459.2 49.6 55.2
110 Hong Kong, China 5’447.3 8’693.4 9.8 69.6
111 India 3’577.1 90’000.0 90.6 64.4
112 Indonesia 3’669.3 46’910.0 66.5 78.6
113 Iran (I.R.) 962.6 7’222.5 49.6 27.6
114 Iraq - 574 - 35.7
115 Israel 4’400.0 7’757.0 12 72.5
116 Japan 66’784.4 96’484.0 7.6 62.4
117 Jordan 388.9 1’624.1 42.9 71.8
118 Kazakhstan 197.3 4’955.2 90.5 52.5
119 Korea (Rep.) 26’816.4 38’342.3 7.4 61.8
120 Kuwait 476 2’379.8 38 82.3
121 Kyrgyzstan 9 541.7 126.9 55.2
122 Lao P.D.R. 12.7 638.2 119 89.4
123 Lebanon 743 990 5.9 50
124 Macao, China 141.1 532.8 30.4 75.3
125 Malaysia 5’121.7 19’545.0 30.7 81.7
126 Maldives 7.6 202.1 92.5 86.2
127 Mongolia 154.6 557.2 29.2 78.1
128 Myanmar 13.4 183.4 68.8 26.7
129 Nepal 10.2 227.3 85.9 31.9
130 Oman 162 1’333.2 52.4 83.4
131 Pakistan 306.5 12’771.2 110.8 70.8
132 Palestine 175.9 1’094.6 44.1 75.8
133 Philippines 6’454.4 34’779.0 40.1 91.2
134 Qatar 120.9 716.8 42.8 77.7
135 Saudi Arabia 1’375.9 13’300.0 57.4 77.8
136 Singapore 2’747.4 4’384.6 9.8 70.4
137 Sri Lanka 430.2 3’361.8 50.9 73
138 Syria 30 2’950.0 150.3 50.4
139 Taiwan, China 17’873.8 22’170.7 4.4 62
140 Tajikistan 1.2 265 196.3 16.3
141 Thailand 3’056.0 27’378.7 73 80.1
142 Turkmenistan 7.5 50.1 60.8 2.4
143 United Arab Emirates 1’428.1 4’534.5 26 78.6
144 Uzbekistan 53.1 720 68.4 15.7
145 Viet Nam 788.6 9’593.2 64.8 37.7
146 Yemen 32 2’000.0 128.7 57.3
  Asia 240’579.0 879’493.9 29.6 59.5
           
           
Mobile cellular subscribers
    Cellular mobile subscribers As % of total
        CAGR Telephone
    (k) (%) subscribers
    2000 2005 2000 – 05 2005
147 Albania 29.8 1’259.6 155 82.1
148 Andorra 23.5 64.6 22.4 64.6
149 Austria 6’117.0 8’650.0 7.2 69.8
150 Belarus 49.4 4’098.0 142 55.5
151 Belgium 5’629.0 9’460.0 10.9 66.5
152 Bosnia and Herzegovina 93.4 1’594.4 76.4 62.2
153 Bulgaria 738 6’244.9 53.3 71.5
154 Croatia 1’033.0 3’649.7 28.7 66
155 Cyprus 218.3 718.8 26.9 63.1
156 Czech Republic 4’346.0 11’775.9 22.1 78.5
157 Denmark 3’363.6 5’449.2 10.1 61.9
158 Estonia 557 1’445.3 21 76.6
159 Faroe Islands 17 42 19.9 63.8
160 Finland 3’728.6 5’270.0 7.2 71.3
161 France 29’052.4 48’099.0 10.6 58.8
162 Germany 48’202.0 79’200.0 10.4 59
163 Greece 5’932.4 10’260.4 11.6 61.9
164 Greenland 16 32.2 19.1
165 Guernsey 21.9 43.8 19 49.3
166 Hungary 3’076.3 9’320.0 24.8 73.5
167 Iceland 214.9 304 7.2 61.1
168 Ireland 2’461.0 4’270.0 11.7 67.5
169 Italy 42’246.0 72’200.0 11.3 74.2
170 Jersey 44.7 83.9 17
171 Latvia 401.3 1’871.6 36.1 71.9
172 Liechtenstein 10 27.5 22.4 57.9
173 Lithuania 524 4’353.4 52.7 85.2
174 Luxembourg 303.3 720 18.9 74.6
175 Malta 114.4 324 23.1 61.6
176 Moldova 139 1’089.8 51 54
177 Monaco 13.9 17.2 4.3 33.6
178 Netherlands 10’755.0 15’834.0 8 67.6
179 Norway 3’224.0 4’754.5 8.1 69.3
180 Poland 6’747.0 29’166.4 34 71.1
181 Portugal 6’665.0 11’447.3 11.4 73
182 Romania 2’499.0 13’354.1 39.8 75.3
183 Russia 3’263.2 120’000.0 105.6 75
184 Serbia and Montenegro 1’303.6 5’229.0 32 63.8
185 Slovak Republic 1’243.7 4’540.4 29.6 79.1
186 Slovenia 1’215.6 1’759.2 7.7 68.3
187 Spain 24’265.1 41’327.9 11.2 69.3
188 Sweden 6’372.3 9’087.0 7.4 63.3
189 Switzerland 4’638.5 6’834.0 8.1 57
190 TFYR Macedonia 115.7 1’261.3 61.2 70.3
191 Turkey 16’133.4 43’609.0 22 69.7
192 Ukraine 818.5 17’214.3 83.9 53.1
193 United Kingdom 43’452.0 65’500.0 8.6 67.3
  Europe 291’428.7 682’857.6 18.6 67.8
           
           
Mobile cellular subscribers
    Cellular mobile subscribers As % of total
        CAGR Telephone
    (k) (%) subscribers
    2000 2005 2000 – 05 2005
194 American Samoa 2 2.2 3.1 17.9
195 Australia 8’562.0 18’420.0 16.6 64.5
196 Fiji 55.1 205 30.1 64.6
197 French Polynesia 39.9 87 16.9 62
198 Guam 27.2 98 37.8
199 Kiribati 0.3 0.6 19.7
200 Marshall Islands 0.4 0.6 9.6 11.8
201 Micronesia - 14.1 - 53.1
202 New Caledonia 49.9 134.3 21.9 70.8
203 New Zealand 1’542.0 3’530.0 18 67.1
204 Northern Marianas 3 20.5 61.6
205 Papua New Guinea 8.6 75 54.4 54.1
206 Samoa 2.5 24 57.2 55.2
207 Solomon Islands 1.2 6 39.1 44.8
208 Tonga 0.2 29.9 178 68.5
209 Vanuatu 0.4 12.7 103.4 64.6
  Oceania 10’294.6 22’659.9 17.1 64.9
   
           
Mobile cellular subscribers
    Cellular mobile subscribers As % of total
        CAGR Telephone
    (k) (%) subscribers
    2000 2005 2000 – 05 2005
  WTI 739’952.1 2’194’833.7 24.3 63.5
           
Source: ITU      

Telecom Regulators – Official websites directory

Telecoms regulators globally
Afghanistan Telecom Regularity Board Ministry of Communication Afghanistan
Albania Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (ERT)
Australia Australian Communications Authority (ACA)
Argentina Secretaria de Comunicaciones
Austria TelekomControl
Bahrain Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
Belarus Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications
Belgium Belgian Institute of Postal services and Telecommunications
Bolivia Superintendencia de Telecomunicaciones (SITTEL)
Bosnia and Herzegovina The Communication Regulatory Agency (CRA)
Botswana Botswana Telecommunications Authority
Brazil ANATEL
Brunei Jabatan Telekom
Bulgaria Communication Regulation Commission
Burkia Faso Direction g©n©rale de l’Office National des t©l©communications (ONATEL)
Canada Canadian Radio Television and Telecommunications Commission
Chad Minist¨re de Postes et T©l©communications
Chile Subsecretaria de Telecommunicacaiones (SUBTEL)
Colombia Comisi³n de Regulaci³n de Telecomunicaciones
Croatia Hrvatska Agencija za telekomunikacije
Czech Republic Czech Telecommunications Office
Denmark Telestyrelsen National Telecom Agency
Dominica ECTEL Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority
El Salvador Superintendencia General de Electricidad y Telecommunicaciones
Egypt Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
Estonia Estonian National Communications Board
Finland Ministry of Transport and Communications
France ART (Autorit© de R©gulation des T©l©communications)
Georgia Georgian National Communications Commission
Germany Regulierungsbehoerde f?r Telekommunikation und Post
Greece EETT (National Telecommunications and Post Commission)
Grenada ECTEL Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority
Hong Kong Office of the Telecommunications Authority (OFTA)
Hungary Ministry of Transport, Communication and Water Management
Iceland Ministry of Communications
India Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)
Iran Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting
Ireland Office of the Director of Telecommunications Regulation (ODTR)
Israel Ministry of Communications
Italy Italian Communications Authority
Japan Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications
Jordan Telecommunication Regulatory Commission
Kenya Communications Commission of Kenya
Korea Ministry of Communications and Informations
Latvia Latvia Telecommunication State Inspection
Lebanon Ministry Of Telecommunications
Lithuania Lithuanian Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA)
Luxembourg Institut Luxembourgeois des T©l©communications
Macau Office for the Development of Telecommunications and Information Technology
Malaysia Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC)
Mali Soci©t© des T©l©communications du Mali
Malta Malta Communications Authority
Mauritania Office des Postes et T©l©communications
Mauritius The Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications
Mexico Comisi³n Federal de Telecomunicaciones
Morocco National Agency for the Regulation of Telecommunications (ANRT)
Nepal Nepal Telecommunications Authority
Netherlands OPTA
New Zealand Commerce Commission of New Zealand
Nigeria Nigerian Communications Commission
Norway Norwegian Post and Telecom Authority
Oman Sultanate of Oman Telecommunications Regulatory Authority
Pakistan Pakistan Telecommunications Authority
Papua New Guinea PANGTEL
Paraguay Conatel, telecoms regulator
Philippines National Telecommunications Commission (NTC)
Poland URTiP
Portugal Autoridade Nacional de Comunica??es (ANACOM)
Romania National Regulatory Authority for Communications
Russia Ministry for Communications and Informatization of the Russian Federation
Saint Christopher and Nevis ECTEL Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority
Saint Lucia ECTEL Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ECTEL Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority
San Marino Segereteria di Stato per l’Industria, l’Artigianato, la Cooperazione economica, le Poste e le Telecomunicazione
Singapore Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore
Slovakia Telecommunications Office of the Slovak Republic
Slovenia Ministry of Transport and Communications
South Africa ICASA
Spain Comision del Mercado de las Telecomunicaciones (CMT)
Sri Lanka Telecommunications Regulatory Commission
Sweden Post- och telestyrelsen (PTS)
Switzerland Federal Office for Communications (OFCOM/BAKOM)
United Arab Emirates (UAE) Telecommunications Regulatory Authority
UK Office of Communications (Ofcom)
USA Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Taiwan The Directorate General of Telecommunications
Trinidad & Tobago (Republic of) Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago
Turkey Telekom?nikasyon Kurumu
Zambia Communications Authority

Cosmote posts better than expected 9M results

OTE’s wireless arm Cosmote has reported a 7.3% increase in net profit for the first nine months of 2006, to EUR273.9 million (USD350 million), beating analysts’ consensus expectations of EUR258.8 million. Revenues climbed 26.2% year-on-year to EUR1.63 billion while EBITDA rose by 12.9% to EUR643.1 million. Of the total turnover, EUR1.22 billion was generated by its Greek operation, up 7% on the same period of 2005. In terms of subscribers, Cosmote Greece claimed over five million subscribers at the end of September, up 11% year-on-year. Outside of its domestic market Cosmote operates in four countries: Albania (via AMC), Bulgaria (Globul), Macedonia (Cosmofon) and Romania (Cosmote). In Bulgaria Cosmote reported strong subscriber additions including a recond number of post-paid additions, while in Macedonia, Cosmofon achieved a positive net income result for the first time.

Source-  telegeography